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Cleburne Texas Information |
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Cleburne, the county seat of Johnson County, is on U.S. Highway 67 thirty miles
south of Fort Worth. Its origin and growth can be attributed to its role as a
crossroads and transportation center. The site was near the earliest Johnson
County road, an old wagon trail that was used by soldiers traveling from Fort
Belknap to Fort Graham. The location had an excellent water source on West
Buffalo Creek that attracted travelers, including cattlemen from the nearby
Chisholm Trail.qv During the Civil Warqv the site was used as a bivouac for
Johnson County units marching off to war. This temporary facility, known as Camp
Henderson, became a permanent settlement on March 23, 1867, when it became
necessary to choose a new, centrally located county seat to replace Buchanan.
The town was named in honor of Gen. Patrick R. Cleburne, under whom many of the
men had fought during the Civil War.
Cleburne had a post office during its first year and a newspaper, the Cleburne
Chronicle, in 1868. Cleburne Male and Female Institute, established by the
Alvarado Baptist Association, operated between 1868 and 1872 as a church-related
school. It was nonsectarian for a few more years before becoming the site of the
first public school. The town was incorporated in May 1871 with a mayor-council
form of government.
The importance of Cleburne as a transportation center was enhanced by the
arrival of the railroad. In 1870 the population was 683; twenty years later the
residents numbered 3,727. In 1881 the Gulf, Colorado and Santa Fe Railroad was
completed from Fort Worth through Cleburne to Temple, and a secondary line
connected Weatherford to Cleburne in 1887. The most important industrial
contribution to the city was made by the Santa Fe Railroad, which in 1898 and
1899 constructed central machine shops in Cleburne, helping to double the city's
population in the 1890s. In 1882 the Chicago, Texas and Mexican Central Railway
connected Cleburne to Dallas. Two additional railroads maintained terminals in
the city after 1900. The Dallas, Cleburne and Southwestern Railway completed a
spur to Egan in 1902, and the Trinity and Brazos Valley, commonly called the
"Boll Weevil," operated out of Cleburne from 1904 to 1924. The former line was
sold to the Missouri, Kansas and Texas in 1910. The track out of Cleburne was
abandoned after 1920. The Burlington and Rock Island used the Boll Weevil track
from 1924 until 1932, when it too was abandoned. The Interurban out of Fort
Worth served Cleburne for eighteen years after 1912. A local streetcar service
operated from 1911 to 1917. Cleburne was still served by Santa Fe and Amtrak in
1990.
In 1909 the State Christian Junior College moved from Denton to Cleburne, where
it operated as Clebarro Junior College until it closed in 1919. A Carnegie
Library was opened in 1904. Cleburne had a population of 12,820 in 1920. All
four city banks failed in the 1920s, and a strike at the Santa Fe in 1922
further depressed the economy. The governor of Texas had to send Texas Rangersqv
into the city to keep order during the strike. By 1940 Cleburne had a population
of 10,558. During the 1930s a Civilian Conservation Corpsqv camp operated west
of Cleburne with 200 workers. Among their projects was the construction of
Cleburne State Recreation Park,qv which opened in 1941. German prisoners of
war,qv kept in Cleburne during the latter part of World War II,qv were used as
laborers on farms.
After 1945 proximity to the Dallas-Fort Worth region resulted in substantial
growth in Cleburne. By 1990 the city had a population of 22,205, forty
manufacturing facilities, a new regional hospital, and a community college
extension center. A major area employer has been the Comanche Peak Nuclear Power
Station in nearby Glen Rose. In 1990 Cleburne had a council-manager form of
government, eight municipal parks, and Lake Pat Cleburne.qv Local cultural
activities included a community theater group and Layland Museum, both housed in
the old Carnegie Library building. A local preservationist society, Save Old
Cleburne, sponsored an annual Candlewalk and Tour of Homes during the Christmas
season. |
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